1. Which of the following is a key psychological phrase generally referring
to the observation that people differ in a variety of ways?
a. personality traits
b. behavioral dimension
c. personality profile
d. individual differences
2. Which of the following refers to internally based psychological characteristics
that often correspond to adjectival labels such as shy, kind, mean, outgoing,
dominant, and so forth?
a. personality traits
b. behavioral dimension
c. personality profile
d. individual differences
3. Which of the following is a serious short-coming of the preliminary
definition of personality?
a. it is too short: it would have to be a page long to accommodate
all the concerns of the many personologists
b. it fails to rely on behavioral consistency
c. it emphasizes physiological processes too much
d. it focuses on developmental processes too little
4. In the case of correlation, researchers are usually interested in
a. whether variation in one variable closely corresponds to variation
in another
b. the curvature of the line relating two variables
c. positive relationships, only
d. negative relationships, only
5. In a negative correlation
a. high values on one variable correspond to low values on the
other
b. high values on one variable correspond to high values on the
other
c. values on one variable do not correspond to values on the
other
d. values of the variables are obtusely related
6. Which of the following relationships may imply cause and effect?
a. the positive relationship between the height of husbands and
the height of wives
b. the negative relationship between waist size and head size
c. no example is entirely appropriate: correlation does not mean
causation
d. the nil relationship between wealth and religious conviction
7. All of the following are types of validity, except one. Which one
is not a type of validity?
a. convergent
b. predictive
c. test retest
d. construct validity
8. Which of the following tests is likely to show the highest validity
and reliability?
a. Rorschach Test
b. the SAT or ACT college entrance exams
c. the Sentence Completion Test
d. Thematic Apperception Test
9. Which of the following is most clearly a psychological variable?
a. body temperature
b. brain waves
c. I.Q.
d. eye color
10. Which of the following represents test "reliability"?
a. scoring differently on different administrations of a test
b. scoring the same on two different forms of a test
c. scoring differently on one-half than on the other half of
a test
d. scoring the same on two different tests