1. In social cognitive theory
a. people function as contributors
to their own motivation, behavior, and development within a network of
reciprocally
interacting influences
b. the balance and counterbalance of
internal and external forces operate to influence both the emotional
and cognitive
processes as the individual attempts to adapt to her or his environment
c. the order of importance of factors
is indicated in the label: social first, cognition second
d. human functioning is emphasized
because "cognition" precludes the consideration of animal functioning
2. "Proxy agency" means:
a. the same thing as "collective agency"
b. an approximation to agency
c. an agent who is proximal to oneself
d. enlisting others to help control
circumstances affecting one's life
3. In "symbolic modeling,"
a. an object comes to symbolize a
model
b. verbal and pictorial means are
used to convey information necessary for the adoption of behavior
c. a behavior is presented in symbolic
form instead of the usual concrete form
d. models symbolize other models
4. Participant modeling
a. is participating in research as
a model
b. is when a person with low self-efficacy
imitates a model's efficacious behavior
c. is when several models perform
the same behavior for a single observer
d. is when an observer takes on the
role of model and models a behavior for the benefit of the person who was
previously
the model
5. How do we know that intrinsic motivation is at work?
a. behavior is persistent in the absence
of obvious external rewards
b. one must observe the persistence
of a behavior in the absence of external rewards and behavioral alternatives
c. one must observe that the strength
of the behavior grows as a function of the amount of time devoted to the
behavior
d. the behavior must be unusual and
unique to the performer
6. Defensive behavior (Bandura) is difficult to change
because
a. it has such a long reinforcement
history
b. it is usually such ingrained behavior
c. it allows avoidance of unpleasant
events in the future
d. it ensures that unpleasant feelings
from the past will not return
7. Which of the following is an advantageous comparison?
a. comparing oneself to people of
great wealth
b. comparing what certain people do
to what other people do
c. comparing oneself to similar others
in the hope that one does a little bit better than them
d. excusing deplorable behavior by
declaring that others do it also
8. All except one of the following are social cognitive
theory concepts to help explain moral functioning.
Which is NOT one of those concepts?
a. diffusion of responsibility
b. superficial expediency
c. moral justification
d. gradualistic moral disengagement
9. What possible short-coming of social cognitive theory
is one of its great virtues?
a. the small number of concepts that
constitute it
b. the relatively small amount of
work that has been done to support it: it is fertile ground for new researchers
c. its ability to explain outcomes
after the fact has allowed it to explain more than other theories
d. its great breadth
10. An incentive is
a. food presented after "proper behavior"
has been performed
b. money paid following work performed
c. praise following a kind deed
d. an offer of money to be paid after
a subsequent favor has been performed